Low-carbon energy solutions for mine sites
April 12, 2024
April 12, 2024
We must mine for the critical minerals necessary for the energy transition. But we must do so sustainably. Here’s how.
Mining for critical minerals is essential for the energy transition. But sourcing them requires expanding existing mines. It also means building new ones.
And this creates a paradox. We need more power to extract the minerals needed for clean energy. But mines also consume a lot of energy. So, the quest for cost savings and sustainability has become key.
Embracing low-carbon energy solutions aligns with environmental stewardship. It also presents economic benefits and opportunities for innovation within the mining industry.
Mines need a lot of reliable power to operate. Power reliability has always been important to mining. This power has also largely been provided by utilities that rely heavily on traditional fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. In very remote places, the power often comes from diesel generators. In a business-as-usual scenario, mining growth would need new infrastructure to deliver power far away from already strained grids.
Many utilities are also facing power system reliability challenges as they phase out fossil fuels and expand their grids. Power-hungry industrial applications further strain existing supplies. Projections suggest the energy supply may not meet the growing demand.
Mining is evolving to respond. The spotlight is now on using renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies to ease carbon impact. Global supply chains are increasing demands to source critical minerals with low-carbon profiles. And the sector’s investors want to fund lower-carbon impact projects.
Mining companies looking for low-carbon energy solutions often realize that not all options are suited to them. Fortunately, there are alternatives for mines to achieve an optimized mix of firm power. Mines can pair new technologies and energy-storage systems with renewable energy to achieve their goals. Mine owners can explore these with technical experts. It’s important to loop in utility and government partners, too. The results may offer benefits beyond reducing carbon.
Renewables are key to reducing a mine’s reliance on existing power grids. These include options we know about like solar, wind, and hydropower. Beyond that, improving energy efficiency is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. Luckily, the industry is seeing plenty of innovative solutions. Barriers to adoption are also rapidly decreasing.
One helpful approach is combined heat and power plants (CHP). CHPs generate electricity and thermal energy (heat) at the same time. Also known as cogeneration, mine operators can reuse the heat that would otherwise be lost. There are various uses for that heat. These include creating steam for electricity generation, heating buildings, or running steam chillers for cooling.
Another option involves on-site microgrids and distributed energy resources (DERs). By using these, a mine can reduce or eliminate reliance on third-party power. Microgrids offer greater flexibility and higher efficiency rates. This allows them to balance renewable power generation with traditional energy sources. Plus, mines may be able to send excess electricity back to nearby power grids. This may supply host communities with energy that is more sustainably sourced than what they have today.
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are designed with flexibility in mind. This allows them to cater to user needs. The inherent adaptability lets them scale according to specific energy demands. While the broad use of SMRs may still be a few years away, mines are already evaluating them due to their stand-alone nature. SMR designs vary in electrical output. They go from as high as 300 megawatts (MW) per module for grid-connected reactors, down to 3 MW. These compact reactors offer a reliable and carbon-free energy option for remote or industrial sites. In fact, they have done this for nuclear submarines and ships for more than 60 years. Their modularity also supports the ability to increase power capacity as the mine expands or its community’s needs grow.
Advancements in energy-storage technologies, such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), are revolutionizing the way mines manage their energy needs. Combining renewables with BESS is an example of DERs. DERs encompass both the software and hardware needed to generate electricity and control loads. Generally, DERs and BESS must be complemented by other energy sources. This helps to meet the mine’s energy and reliability needs.
There are many useful setups for DERs on mine sites. And technology is improving with the global focus on the energy transition. With that, costs decreasing. Let’s review some of the renewable-energy technologies that mining companies should consider:
As renewable energy and power-generation options mature, their prices are becoming more competitive with existing grids. Mining companies now have more solutions at their disposal than ever before. The concept is simple. Adopting low-carbon energy options not only reduces GHG emissions but it can also lower operating costs. It also provides supply certainty in regions where energy is scarce, unreliable, or hard to access.
As demand for critical minerals grows, new mines come online. And they are often in remote areas. Local communities in these areas may benefit from improved access to the power infrastructure that the project needs. In tandem with strong community engagement and economic reconciliation strategies, bringing lower-cost, cleaner power to host communities may help foster greater acceptance and support for mining operations.
Many current government funding programs support critical minerals. They also support the energy transition and modernizing energy infrastructure. Our team’s North American Funding Program regularly tracks funding that is available for mining. Mining operations should look into how these funding programs might enhance the financial viability of their projects.
The spotlight is now on using renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies to ease carbon impact.
Countries like Canada, Australia, and others are implementing carbon taxes or penalties for GHG emissions. So, mining operations should expect these future costs when evaluating energy projects.
“Green premiums”—or extra value for lower-carbon minerals—are not yet built into commodity markets. But they are being more commonly discussed. Why? To set apart metals coming from countries that prioritize responsible production.
It may be important to consider the life of the above technologies against the life of the mine. Many of these technologies have a 20-to-30-year service life as compared to the 10 or 15 years permitted life of many mines. Mines can address this disconnect by looking at the life of identified reserves. Or, at the community legacy a mine might leave after closure.
It’s complex to weigh the costs and benefits of a mine’s low-carbon energy strategy. It’s made easier when the company works with stakeholders. These include utilities, technology and service providers, governments, and host communities. So, make sure engagement occurs early and often.
Mining is shifting toward low-carbon energy solutions. With that shift are many options for sustainability and innovation. Initiatives for renewables, energy efficiency, energy storage, and new technologies can help mines reduce their carbon footprint. These efforts will enhance energy and operational resilience.
Using these low-carbon options will support a more sustainable future. They will also position mining companies as leaders in responsible resource extraction.